What is Internet?....And History of It..
Welcome to the Internet
· The Internet is a global network of networks.
· People and organizations connect into the Internet so they can access its massive store of shared information.
· The Internet is an inherently participative medium. Anybody can publish information or create new services.
· The Internet is a cooperative endeavor -- no organization is in charge of the net.
What is Internet?
· Interconnection of computers and computer networks using TCP/IP communication protocol
· Transport Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules defining communication between systems.
How Big is the Internet?
· About 48% of the people in the United States and Canada have access to the Internet.
· About 5% of the world's population has access to the Internet.
What is host on the Internet?
The term "host" is used in several contexts, in each of which it has a slightly different meaning: In Internet protocol specifications, the term "host" means any computer that has full two-way access to other computers on the Internet. A host has a specific "local or host number" that, together with the network number, forms its unique IP address. If you use Point-to-Point Protocolto get access to your access provider, you have a unique IP address for the duration of any connection you make to the Internet and your computer is a host for that period. In this context, a "host" is a node in a network.
For companies or individuals with a Web site, a host is a computer with a Web server that serves the pages for one or more Web sites. A host can also be the company that provides that service, which is known as hosting.
How Do I Connect to the Internet?
· Computer
· Connection - Phone Line, Cable, DSL, Wireless, ...
· Modem
· Network Software - TCP/IP
· Intranet: Use of TCP/IP to connect computers on an organizational LAN
· TCP/IP is the basic Internet protocol
· Internet: Use of TCP/IP to interconnect such networks
· Application Software - Web Browser, Email, ...
· Internet Service Provider (ISP)
· Various application protocols operate over TCP/IP
· SMTP (E-Mail), HTTP (Web), IRC (Chat), FTP (File transfer), etc.
What Is TCP/IP?
· TCP/IP is rules for information exchange between computers over a network.
· Packet’ based – segment/ de-segment information.
· Client-Server (Request/ Response) Web browser (client), Website (Server).
· TCP – Handles data part.
· IP – Handles address part – Identification of every computer on the Internet – IP address.
What Can I Do on the Internet?
· Send and receive email messages.
· Post your opinion to a Usenet newsgroup.
· Yack it up on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).
· Surf the World Wide Web.
· And much, much more.
· There is no charge for most services.
What is the World Wide Web?
· The Web was invented in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, while consulting at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland.
· The Web is a distributed information system.
· The Web contains multimedia.
· Information in the Web is connected by hyperlinks.
Serving the Web
· Web pages are stored in computers called web servers.
· Any organization can setup a web server.
· A web site is a collection of web pages.
· The starting point for a web site sometimes is called a home page.
PC Skills: Mouse Control
· Do not twist the mouse; make sure the tail points straight back.
· Everything we do will use mouse button once -- the one under your index finger.
· Most everything will be a single click.
· Do not move the mouse while clicking. If you do, the computer will do something dumb, like turn the words purple, instead of what you want.
PC Skills: Scroll Bars
· Click the button to scroll one line.
· Click in the trough to scroll a screenful.
· Press and drag the slider to scroll continuously.
Hyperlinks
· Hyperlinks typically appear as highlighted (underlined and colored)
phrases.
· Your mouse cursor will turn to a "pointing finger" when you've found a hyperlink.
· Click once to follow a hyperlink.
· Graphics can be hyperlinks.
You Cannot Get Lost on the web
· Your browser remembers where you've been.
· Use the Back and Forward buttons to retrace your path.
· Use the Home button to return to your start page.
· Power Skill: Press and hold down on the Backor Forward buttons to see the list of web pages you visited.
What Is the URL, Earl?
· The uniform resource locator (URL) is the unique identifier of a web page.
· The location window displays the URL of the current page.
· You can go directly to a web page if you know its URL: click once in the location window and type it in.
What Is on the Web Page?
· Some sites use advertising to subsidize free content.
· Most large web sites have some navigation scheme to find information.
· Links on the home page will bring you directly to feature content.
Web Page Load Status
· The logo animates during page load.
· The progress bar illustrates page load progress.
· The status bar displays page load status.
Stop and Reload
· The Stop button stops page loading.
· The Reload button fetches a fresh copy of the page.
· If the page is already loaded, the Stop button freezes the animations.
Bookmarks
· A bookmark marks your place on the Web.
· Press the Bookmark button for the bookmarks menu.
· Select "Add Bookmark" to create a bookmark for the current page.
· Bookmarks stay on the computer where you make them.
Web Security
· Secure web pages use https.
· The lock icon closes on a secure page.
· The privacy policy should tell you what the recipient will do with that information.
Internet History
1969: The U.S. military wires six university supercomputers
1970s: Smaller colleges link their computers to the backbone sites.
1980s: Corporate research departments
link to public network facilities.
1980: Private commercial networks
and global links bring the net everywhere.
Internet Services
· E-Mail
– One-to-one
– One-to-many (e.g. discussion forums)
· Telnet – remote login (e.g. library catalogue access)
· FTP: File transfer (e.g. software packages)
· Web (HTTP): Hypertext linking/navigation
· IRC: Internet Relay Chat
· Internet telephony, mobile access, etc.
World Wide Web (WWW)
· “Killer Application”
· Hypertext linking of multi-media documents
· “Point and Click”
· Lingua-franca of Web: HTML
· Websites: Host multimedia documents, linked using HTML (web pages)
· Web browsers: Access websites, “browse”
· Medium for Publishing, distributing, and accessing information UNIQUE!
Growth of the Web
· Web is the totality of web pages stored on web servers
· Spectacular growth in web-based information sources and services:
– Education and research
– Entertainment
– Business and commerce
– Personal home pages
· Estimated to contain several billion documents
· Doubling each year
· Over a billion web sites
· Almost every telephone owner – Internet user
Types of Websites
· Shopping sites
– www.amazon.com (book store)
– www.garden.com (gardening)
– www.paramountbooks.com (book store)
– www.shopperstop.com (clothes, etc.)
· Community sites
– www.acs.org (American Chemical Society)
– www.dailytimes.com
– www.gardencityinfo.com (Bangalore)
– www.nse-india.com (stock traders)
· Entertainment sites
– disney.go.com (Walt Disney)
– www.starwars.com
– www.carnaticmusic.com
– www.indiatalkies.com
· Identity sites
– www.ibm.com
– www.wipro.com
– www.lums.edu.pk
· Learning sites
– www.digitalthink.com (web-based training in IT)
– www.netskills.ac.uk (Internet training)
– www.nationalgeographic.com
– www.bbc.co.uk
· Information sites
– www.computers.com
– www.eb.com (Encyclopedia Britannica)
– www.thomasregister.com
· Govt. websites (e-governance)
–WateenTelecom, PIA, Railways, KPTC, KEC, WAPDA, etc.
Now You are a Real Web Browser
That is everything you need to know to browse the Web.
Now, an even bigger challenge lies ahead:
Learning how to find the information you want.
Finding Information: Search Engines
1. Search Engines - A search engine is a database of resources that can
be searched by keywords.
– General
– Meta search engines
– Domain specific
Finding Information: Web Directories
· A web directory lists resources, organized by subject area.
Finding Information
The Web Adventure Begins
Be sure to practice your new skills
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